Proactively gaining insight into the processing challenges of crude. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting. The invention provides a process for desalting crude by combining water and raw crude oil in a mixer to produce a mixture. How is crude oil transformed into everyday usable products. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical additives financial benefits whether it be extending equipment life due to corrosion inhibition, increasing production output due to enhanced deposit control, or shortening the the startup time during sulphidation operations, we have resolved to provide you. When crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the.
Mar 06, 2015 desalter in which chemical is added to the crude in order to remove salts, sediments, water and sludge. In order to do these, the crude may undergo desalting, drying hydrodesulfurizing, solvent refining sweating, solvent extraction, and solvent dewaxing. Desalting of crude oil before it enters the various refinery processing units has been a common practice for many years. Pdf article open access a comprehensive electrical model. Increasing energy efficiency in refinery desalting. Dec 12, 2017 a desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil.
Crude oil desalterdehydration howebaker international. The desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Although distillation is usually known as the first process in petroleum refineries, in many cases, desalting should take place before distillation figure 3. Proactively gaining insight into the processing challenges of crude blends allows you to confidently increase your feedstock flexibility without compromising reliability. The bhge crude oil management approach provides the best feedstock preparation possible, maximizing refinery utilization and profitability. Reducing the salt content of the treated crude oil to acceptable levels creates high fouling throughout the process. By lowering the surface tension between two fluids in the case of desalting oil. The salt content in the crude oil varies depending on source of the crude oil.
Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters project standards and specifications page 3 of 12 rev. Desalter process to accomplish desalting, the crude is first preheated to 120. An amine is added to the wash water or to the crude oil prior to processing in the desalter. Crude oil salinity is often expressed as ptb pounds of salt per bbls of crude oil. Crude oil desalter encyclopedia article citizendium. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. New logic research case using v sep to treat desalter.
The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes was calculated based on the bsw measurement, and oil salinity. Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. Desalting process mix valve heat exchangers water crude oil effluent water. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes, dehydration and hydrocarbon crude intake in the water was calculated based on. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing the heat transfer efficiency.
In recent times, the proper cachet would be the controloptimisation phase marked by terms such as ddp process control, desalter optimisation control or ddp. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Depending on the desired salt content in the desalted crude oil, a one or twostep process. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons in catalytic cracking units. Modeling and optimization of crude oil desalting by. Poor desalting efficiency, uncontrollable emulsions, and other desalting challenges are common when processing lowerpriced opportunity crude oils. Desalting process by use of chemical along with electric field. During the desalting process, the challenge is to overcome the existence of an emulsion layer at the interface between oil and water. Desalter in which chemical is added to the crude in order to remove salts, sediments, water and sludge. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units.
When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly. From crude oil how oil refining works howstuffworks. About 26% wash water is metered in ahead of the desalter as an extraction. A process for desalting a crude oil comprises 1 injecting steam into the oil to form a steaminjected oil. Study of crude oil desalting process in refinery journal of. A surfactant will reduce the surface tension between two fluids.
In recent times, the proper cachet would be the controloptimisation phase marked by terms such as ddp process. Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration the two most typical methods of crude oil desalting. Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters malaysia.
Nov 14, 2017 3d animated process flow video created by squartech solutions. Desalting of crude oil background the removal of salts found in the form of what we may call remnant brine is carried out in the desalting process. Salt dissolved in water brine enters the crude stream as a contaminant during the production or transportation of oil to refineries. Big strike lead french oil refining basicly paralyzed. Understanding the process of crude oil desalting desalters.
The process starts by mixing the raw crude oil with an appropriate amount of washing water also known as dilution water. Through the removal of such materials, a cleaner crude oil is charged to the refinery processing units. Both natural and chemical desalter are useful for crude having low salts or for batch process. This will reduce the salt content in the crude oil to the acceptable limits of 15 to 20 ptb pounds of salt, expressed as equivalent sodium chloride, per thousand barrels of oil. Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals.
Modeling and optimization of desalting process in oil industry. Desalting water analysis a large portion of the water used in the crude desalting process. The desalting process works by washing the crude with clean water and then removing the water to leave dry, low salt crude oil liu et al. Crude oil conductivity crude oil quality association. The reason for such a complex set of processes is the difference between the crude oil. Desalting plants are often installed in crude oil production units in order to remove watersoluble salts from an oil stream. It is a purifying process to remove water, salts, silts, clays and other inorganic materials such as rust, iron sulfide, etc.
Pdf article open access a comprehensive electrical. Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process. Chemicals reduce the surface tension for making removal of salts and water easy. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. Crude oil desalting introduction poor desalting has the following effects. Three highiron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. In the desalting unit inlet, the demulsifying agent is mixed with the crude oil to. The crude oils are critical to desalting and dewatering before distillation 4. Desalted crude oil and a brine mixture are separated from the.
The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent. Free water knock outs effective bulk water removal. In the desalting unit inlet, the demulsifying agent is mixed with the crude oil. The largest oil refinery is the paraguana refining complex in venezuela, which can process 940,000 barrels of oil each day. Generally, the desalting process is accomplished in two main steps including of free water separation from the crude oil in a gravitational coalescer tank and subsequent separation of the stable emulsion in an electrostatic coalescer tank. Purpose of crude oil desalting crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc. Crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup.
Petroleum crude oil desalting process and unit exxonmobil. Study on the deferrization and desalting for crude oils. Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil was reduced and crude. These contaminants need to be removed to refine the oil into a finished product. The desalting process pavan mandewalkar and erik sellman. Pdf desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. Where there are two desalting stages for desalting crude oil. Salt dissolved in water brine enters the crude stream as a contaminant during the production or transportation of oil. Optimization of operating parameters of oil desalting in southern. Crude oil management approach baker hughes, a ge company. For example, you wouldnt put crude oil in the gas tank of your car.
Crude oil desalting using hydrocyclones pdf free download. The history of crude oil desalting dehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the chemical treatment phase, the electrical enhancement phase and the dilution water phase. This salt needs to be removed so that the crude oil can be processed in a refinery or stabilizer plant without fouling heaters and exchangers and other equipment. The temperature is limited by the vapor pressure of the crudeoil feedstock. The modern petroleum refinery has a series of core process units that create clean gasoline and low sulfur diesel fuel. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical. These saits chaocides of sodium, magnesium and calcium normally are dissolved in the residua water contained in the crude oil. Feb 02, 1988 desalting of crude oil before it enters the various refinery processing units has been a common practice for many years. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content.
A desalting system such as the one shown schematically in fig. Crude oil contains many contaminants, such as inorganic salts, sand, drilling mud, suspended solids, polymer, corrosion byproducts, and more. Subject terms desalting, thermal, membrane, multistage flash distillation, multieffect distillation, vapor compression, reverse. After desalting and dehydration, crude is separated into fractions by distillation. Crude oil is heated in the crude oil heat exchanger to reduce the crude oil viscosity. The temperature is limited by the vapor pressure of the crude oil.
A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. To minimize downtime and optimize effluent cooling, lowfouling alfa laval heat exchangers are an excellent choice. Juan pereira is grateful to the projects 201003 cdchuc and peii20121184 peifonacit for funding. The crude oil desalting process can be conducted in a single, double, or triple stage, although two stage desalting is the most common. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind of water droplets dispersed in a continuous phase of oil. Crude oil comes from the field, which contains a mixture of elements like inorganic metal, water, mud. Crude oil pretreatment desalting petroleum refinery. The purpose of crude oil desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil. Through the removal of such materials, a cleaner crude oil. Experiments in both the laboratory and field have shown the desalting process.
Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical. Simplified desalting process flow diagrams for different configurations. Corrosion mitigation in crude oil process by implementation. The main variables that impact the crude oil desalting process were analyzed by developing mathematical models that represent the variation of maya crude oil density, conductivity and viscosity as. A successful approach begins with crude oil receipts, includes the impact of slops and rerun, and continues downstream to encompass the desalting process. Feb 09, 2017 an improved method and process unit for desalting petroleum crude oils in which a portion of the stable emulsion layer which forms in the desalter vessel is withdrawn from the desalter and diluted with a liquid diluent, typically oil or water or both to destabilize the emulsion which is then separated into separate oil and water phases. A composition and method for improving the removal of corrosive contaminants from crude oil within the desalter in a petroleum refinery. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process hardware. Process group offers a range of technology options to cover most typical processing requirements related to crude oil desalting. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. Fine water droplets are dispersed in the crude continuous phase i. Electrical desalter is typical methods of crude oil desalting.
1039 1647 142 222 829 128 215 859 1598 314 1269 1341 127 1157 1657 815 411 1638 759 628 1558 958 761 265 1094 1613 163 199 1281 867 1189 1122 1248 906 799 957